All Issue

2019 Vol.18, Issue 4 Preview Page

Research Article

Experimental Study on Long-term Characteristics of Sprayable Waterproofing Membrane

차수용 박층 멤브레인의 장기 성능 변화에 관한 실험 연구

Soon-Wook Choi1
,
Jintae Kim2
,
Myung-Sik Choi3
,
Soo-Ho Chang4
,
Tae-Ho Kang5
,
Chulho Lee6*
최 순욱1
,
김 진태2
,
최 명식3
,
장 수호4
,
강 태호5
,
이 철호6*
1Nonmember, Senior Researcher, Department of Infrastructure Safety Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyang-daero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
2Nonmember, Assistant Manager, SILKROAD T&D, 341-16 Woni-ro, Taean-eup, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
3Nonmember, Excutive Manager, SILKROAD T&D, 341-16 Woni-ro, Taean-eup, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
4Nonmember, Senior Research Fellow, Construction Industry Promotion Department, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyang-daero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
5Member, Senior Researcher, Department of Infrastructure Safety Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyang-daero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
6Member, Senior Researcher, Department of Infrastructure Safety Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyang-daero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
* Corresponding Author
30 December 2019. pp. 15-23
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

차수용 박층 멤브레인은 토목분야에 최근 소개된 재료로서 1상 또는 2상의 분말 또는 액상의 재료를 대상이 되는 면에 펌프와 노즐을 사용하여 뿜어 붙이는 재료이다. 재료적인 특성은 연구를 통해 특성이 점차 보고되고 있으나 차수용 박층 멤브레인과 함께 사용되는 콘크리트 재료에 비해 장기적인 성능에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 아레니우스 반응식을 사용하여 재료의 장기적인 성능을 추정하고자 하였다. 연구에 사용된 온도조건은 65°C, 80°C 그리고 95°C로 구분하였으며 장기 거동을 확인하고자 차수용 박층 멤브레인을 콘크리트 블록에 부착한 상태에서 해당 온도를 유지하였다. 일정한 온도가 유지된 차수용 박층 멤브레인은 30, 90, 150, 200, 300일을 기준으로 시간이 경과된 시점에서 순차적으로 인장강도 및 부착강도 실험을 진행하였으며, 차수용 박층 멤브레인이 온도와 시간에 의한 특성 변화를 추정하여 재료의 장기 성능을 판단하고자 하였다. 실험을 통해 차수용 박층 멤브레인 성능기준의 50% 수준에 도달하는 시간을 간접적으로 추정할 수 있었다.

The sprayable waterproofing membrane is a recently introduced material in the civil engineering field, and is a material that sprays and attaches a single phase or two phase powder or liquid material to a surface to be covered using a pump and nozzle. Although the material properties are gradually reported through researches, there is a lack of studies on long-term performance compared to concrete materials used with the membranes. In this study, the long-term performance of materials was estimated using the Arrhenius equation. The temperature conditions used in this study were 65°C, 80°C and 95°C, and the temperature was maintained with the membrane attached to the concrete block for long-term behavior. Then the membranes were tested for tensile strength and adhesion strength in the order of 30, 90, 150, 200, and 300 days. The long-term performance of the material was determined from a long-term perspective by estimating the activation energy by the Arrhenius equation. Consequently, the time to reach 50% of the performance standard could be estimated by long-term test.

Keywords
Sprayable waterproofing membrane
Support
Waterproofing
Long-term behavior
Arrhenius equation

References
1
ASTM C1583 (2013), Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete Surfaces and the Bond Strength or Tensile Strength of Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials by Direct Tension (Pull-off Method), C1583/C1583M-13, West Conshohocken, PA.
2
ASTM D638 (2010), Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics, ASTM International, D638, West Conshohocken, PA.
3
Bachir, C. B., Benyoucef, B. and Michel, A. (2012). “Experimental measurement of electric conductivity and activation energy in congruent lithium niobate crystal”, Journal of Active and Passive Electronic Devices, Vol.7, pp.261-270.
4
Bistac, S., Kunemann, P. and Schultz, J. (1998), “Crystalline modifications of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers induced by a tensile drawing: effect of the molecular weight”, Polymer, Vol.39, No.20, pp.4875-4881.
10.1016/S0032-3861(97)10328-7
5
BS EN 1542 (1999), Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods - Measurement of bound strength by pull-off, British Standards Institution, London (UK).
6
Calvert, P. D. and Billingham, N. C. (1979), “Loss of additives from polymers: A theoretical model”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.24, pp.357-370.
10.1002/app.1979.070240205
7
Cazzuffi, D. (2007), Behaviour of exposed geomembranes in concrete and masonry dams. (in Italian), Presentation at the Second Italian Conference on Dams Engineering, Roma, Academic dei Lincei.
8
Chang, S-H., Kang, T-H., Choi, S-W., Lee, C., Hwang, G-S. and Choi, M-S. (2016), “An Experiment Study on Fundamental Properties of a Sprayable Waterproofing Membrane”, Tunnel & Underground Space, Vol.26, No.3, pp.220-234. (in Korean)
& 10.7474/TUS.2016.26.3.220
9
Crank, J. (1975), The Mathematics of diffusion, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2nd Ed.
10
David, P. K. (1987). “Correlation of Arrhenius parameters: the electrotechnical aging compensation effect”, IEEE transactions on Electrical Insulation, Vol.EI-22, No.2, pp.229-236.
10.1109/TEI.1987.298982
11
EFNARC (2008), Specification and Guidelines on Thin Spray-on Liners for Mining and Tunneling, European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete.
12
Frassine, R. (2005), “Development and experimental validation of a model for the prediction of the long-time behaviour of exposed PVC geomembranes on dams”, Politecnico di Milano, 31 pp. (in Italian)
13
Gugumus, F. (1989), “Advances in the stabilization of polyolefins”, Polymer Degradation Stabilization, Vol.24, pp. 289-301.
10.1016/0141-3910(89)90039-6
14
Han, S. W., Kwak, S. B. and Choi, N. S. (2014), “Accelerated Life Prediction of Ethylene-Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber Subjected to Combined Degradation”, Trans. Korean Soc. Mech. Eng. A, Vol.38, No.5, pp.505-511.
10.3795/KSME-A.2014.38.5.505
15
Hochstein, M. (1967), “Electrical resistivity measurements on ice sheets”, Journal of Glaciology, Vol.6, No.47, pp.623-633.
10.3189/S0022143000019894
16
Holter, K. G. (2015), Properties of Waterproof Sprayed Concrete Linings, Ph.D. Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
17
Hsuan, Y. G., Schroeder, H. F., Rowe, K., Müller, W., Greenwood, J., Cazzuffi, D. and Koerner, R. M. (2008), “Long-term performance and lifetime prediction of geosynthetics”, In Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Geosynthetics, Edinburgh, September. Keynote paper.
18
Hsuan, Y. G. and Guan, Z. (1998), “Antioxidant depletion during thermal oxidation of high density polyethylene geomembranes”, 6th International Conference on Geosynthetics, Atlanta, GA, USA, pp. 375-380.
10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:6(532)
19
ITAtech (2013), ITAtech design guidance for spray applied waterproofing membranes, ITAtech Activity Group Lining and Waterproofing, ITAtech Report No. 2.
20
Johnson, R. P., Swallow, F. E. and Psomas, S. (2016), “Structural properties and durability of a sprayed waterproofing membrane for tunnels”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol.60, pp.41-48.
10.1016/j.tust.2016.07.013
21
Koerner, R. M., Lord, A. E. and Hsuan, Y. H. (1992), “Arrhenius modeling to predict geosynthetic degradation”, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol.11, pp.151-183.
10.1016/0266-1144(92)90042-9
22
Lee, K., Kim, D., Chang, S. H., Choi, S. W., Lee, C. (2017), “Analysis of Reinforcement Effect of TSL (Thin Spray-on Liner) as Supports of Tunnel by Numerical Analysis”, Journal of Korean Geosynthetics Society, Vol.16, No.4, pp. 151-161. (in Korean)
23
Lee, K., Kim, D., Chang, S-H., Choi, S-H., Park, B. and Lee, C. (2018), “Numerical Approach to Assessing the Contact Characteristics of a Polymer-based Waterproof Membrane”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol.79, pp.242-249. (in Korean)
10.1016/j.tust.2018.05.015
24
Morrison, R. T. and Boyd, R. N. (1978), Organic Chemistry, Allyn & Bacon, Boston, pp.50-67.
25
Petrou, A. L., Roulia, M. and Tampouris, K. (2002). “The use of the Arrhenius equation in the study of deterioration and of cooking of foods some scientific and pedagogic aspects”, Chemistry Education, Research and Practice in Europe, Vol.3, No.1, pp.87-97.
10.1039/B1RP90042K
26
Shi, C. and Day, R. L. (1993). “Acceleration of strength gain of lime-pozzolan cements by thermal activation”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.23, pp.824-832.
10.1016/0008-8846(93)90036-9
27
Su, J., Bloodworth, A. (2016), “Interface parameters of composite sprayed concrete linings in soft ground with spray-applied waterproofing”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol.59, pp.170-182.
10.1016/j.tust.2016.07.006
28
Tannant, D. D. (2001), “Thin Spray-on Liners for Underground Rock Support”, Proceedings of the 17th International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey-IMCET 2001, pp.57-73.
29
Verani, C. A. and Aldrian, W. (2010), Composite linings: ground support and waterproofing through the use of a fully bonded membrane, Shotcrete: Element of a System, Taylor & Francis, London.
10.1201/b10545-32
30
Woo, C-S., Park, H-S., Choi, B-I., Yang, S-C., Jang S-Y. and Kim, E. (2009), “Useful lifetime prediction of rail-pad by using the accelerated heat aging test”, 2009 Conference Proceeding of The Korean Society for Railway, pp.1010-1015. (in Korean)
31
Yoon, H. K. (2014), “Application of the arrhenius equation in geotechnical engineering”, The Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol.24(4), pp.575-581. (in Korean)
10.9720/kseg.2014.4.575
32
Zweifel, H. (1997), Stabilization of Polymeric Materials, 8, Springer, Berlin, p.122.
10.1007/978-3-642-80305-5PMC23795
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Geosythetics Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반신소재학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반신소재학회 논문집
  • Volume : 18
  • No :4
  • Pages :15-23
  • Received Date : 2019-09-04
  • Revised Date : 2019-10-22
  • Accepted Date : 2019-11-13
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12814/jkgss.2019.18.4.015
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close