All Issue

2022 Vol.21, Issue 4 Preview Page

Research Article

Ground Settlement Monitoring using SAR Satellite Images

SAR 위성 영상을 이용한 도심지 지반 침하 모니터링 연구

Chungsik Yoo1*
유 충식1*
1Member, Professor, School of Civil, Architectural Engineering and Landscape Architecture, Sungkyunkwan Univ. Natural Sciences Campus, Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwan-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Korea
*Corresponding Author
30 December 2022. pp. 55-67
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

In this paper, fundamentals and recent development of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar, known as InSAR, technique for measuring ground deformation through satellite image analysis are presented together with case histories illustrating its applicability to urban ground deformation monitoring. A study area in Korea was selected and processed based on the muti-temporal time series InSAR analysis, namely SBAS (Small Baseline Subset)-InSAR and PS (Persistent Scatterers)-InSAR using Sentinel-1A SAR images acquired from the year 2014 onward available from European Space Agency Copernicus Program. The ground settlement of the study area for the temporal window of 2014-2022 was evaluated from the viewpoint of the applicability of the InSAR technique for urban infrastructure settlement monitoring. The results indicated that the InSAR technique can reasonably monitor long-term settlement of the study area in millimetric scale, and that the time series InSAR technique can effectively measure ground settlement that occurs over a long period of time as the SAR satellite provides images of the Korean Peninsula at regular time intervals while orbiting the earth. It is expected that the InSAR technique based on higher resolution SAR images with small temporal baseline can be a viable alternative to the traditional ground borne monitoring method for ground deformation monitoring in the 4th industrial era.

Keywords
Ground settlement
Monitoring
SAR satellite
InSAR
SBAS-InSAR
PS-InSAR

본 본문에서는 합성개구레이더(synthetic aperture radar) 위성 영상 이미지 분석을 통해 지표 침하를 측정하는 기술, 즉 합성개구레이다 간섭기법(InSAR, interferometric synthetic aperture radar)의 기본 이론 및 도심지 지표 변위 측정에 대한 적용성 검토 연구 내용을 다루었다. 먼저 InSAR 기법에 대한 기본 이론과 함께 기존 연구 동향을 제시하였으며 아울러 다중시기 SAR 영상을 이용한 시계열 분석 기법 중 SBAS-InSAR(SBAS-InSAR, Small Baseline Subset Interferometric SAR) 및 PS(Persistent Scatterers)-InSAR 기법을 연구 대상 지역에 적용하고 2014년~2021년 사이에 발생한 지역적 지반 침하를 평가하여 InSAR 기법의 도심지 지반 침하 모니터링에 구체적인 적용 가능성 여부를 평가하였다. 검토 결과 InSAR 기법은 연구대상 지역에서 발생한 시계열 침하 및 광역대 침하발생 경향을 현실적으로 모니터링할 수 있는 것으로 검토되었다. 아울러 SAR 영상을 이용한 시계열 간섭기법은 SAR 위성이 지구를 공전하면서 일정한 시간간격으로 한반도의 영상을 제공하므로 장기간에 걸쳐 발생하는 지반침하 모니터링에 효율적으로 적용할 수 있는 것으로 검토되었다. 향후 재방문 주기가 짧은 SAR 위성에서 촬영된 고해상도 SAR 영상이 활성화될 경우 InSAR 기법은 기존의 계측 기법을 대체하는 4차 산업 기술 기반의 광역대 도심지 지반침하 모니터링 기술로 발전될 수 있을 것으로 평가되었다.

References
1
Baek, W.K., Jung H.S., Jo, M.J., Lee, W.J. and Zhang, L. (2019), “Ground subsidence observation of solid waste landfill park using muti-temporal radar interferometry”, Int. J. of Urban Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp.406-421, 10.1080/12265934.2018.1468275.
2
Barla, G., Tamburini, A., Del Conte, S. and Giannico, C. (2016), “InSAR monitoring of tunnel induced ground movements”, Geomechanik und Tunnelbau, Vol.9, pp.15-22, 10.1144/gjegh2014-037.
3
Berardino, P., Fornaro, G., Lanari, R. and Sansosti, E. (2002), “A New algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR　interferograms”, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol.40, pp.2375-2383. 10.1109/TGRS.2002.803792
4
Bischoff, C.A., Ghail, R.C., Mason, P.J., Ferretti, A. and Davis, J. (2020), “Revealing millimetre-scale ground movements in London using SqeeSARTM”, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, Vol.53, pp.13-11. 10.1144/qjegh2018-075
5
Colesanti, C., Ferretti, A., Prati, C. and Rocca, F. (2002), “Full exploitation of the ERS archive: multi data set Permanent Scatterers analysis”, Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002), Toronto (Canada), 24–28 June 2002, Vol.2, No.2002, pp.1234-1236. 10.1109/IGARSS.2002.1025899
6
Esposito, C., Belcecchi, N., Bozzano, F., Brunetti, A., Marmoni, G.M., Mazzanti, P., Romeo, S., Cammillozzi, F., Cecchini, G. and Spizzirri, M. (2021), “Integration of satellite-based A-DInSAR and geological modeling supporting the prevention from anthropogenic sinkholes: a case study in the urban area of Rome”, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, Vol.12, No.1, pp.2835-2864, 10.1080/19475705.2021.1978562
7
Ferretti, A., Prati, C. and Rocca, F. (2000), “Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry”, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. Vol.38, No.5, pp.2202-2212. 10.1109/36.868878
8
Ferretti, A., Prati, C. and Rocca, F. (2001), “Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry”, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., Vol.39, pp.8-20. 10.1109/36.898661
9
Hanssen, R.F. (2001), Radar Interferometry: Data Interpretation and Error Analysis, Kluwer Academic Publishers. 10.1007/0-306-47633-9
10
Jung, J., Kim, D.J., Vadivel, S.K.P. and Yun, S.H. (2019), “Long-Term Deflection Monitoring for Bridges Using X and C-Band Time-Series SAR Interferometry”, Remote Sensing, Vol.11, 1258, 10.3390/rs11111258.
11
Kampes, B.M. (2006), Radar Interferometry: Persistent Scatterer Techniques, Springer.
12
Ketelaar, V.B. (2009), Radar Interferometry: Subsidence Monitoring Techniques, Springer.
13
Kim, H.B., Yoon, H.S., Youm, M.K. and Lee, W.E.. (2017), “Land Subsidence Analysis for the High-speed Railway Line of Honam using D-InSAR Technique”, Journal of the Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science, Vol.25, No.3, pp.35-41. 10.7319/kogsis.2017.25.3.035
14
Kim, S.W. (2016), “Deformation monitoring of Daejeon City using ALOS-1 PALSAR – Comparing the results by PSInSAR and SqueeSAR”, Korean Jounral of Remote Sensing, Vol. 32, No.6, pp.567-577. 10.7780/kjrs.2016.32.6.2
15
Lanari, R., Mora, O., Manunta, M., Mallorqui, J.J., Berardino, P. and Sansosti, E. (2004), “A small-baseline approach for investigating deformations on full-resolution differential SAR interferograms”, IEEE Tranactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol.42, pp.1137-1386. 10.1109/TGRS.2004.828196
16
Li, S. and Xu, W. (2022), “Review of the SBAS InSAR Time-series algorithms, applications, and challenges”, Geodesy and Geodynamics, Vol.13, No.2, pp.114-126, https://10.1016/j.geog.2021.09.007.10.1016/j.geog.2021.09.007
17
Macchiarulo, V., Milillo, P., DeJong, M.J., Marti J.G., Sanchez J. and Giardina G. (2021), “Integrated InSAR monitoring and structural assessment of tunnelling-induced building deformations”, Struct. Control Health Monit., Vol.28, e2781, 10.1002/stc.2781.
18
Milillo, P., Giardina G., Dejong, J.M., Perissin, D. and Millillo, G. (2018), “Multi-Temporal InSAR Structural Damage assessment: The London Crossrail Case Study”, Remote Sens., Vol.10, 287, 10.3390/rs10020287.
19
Milillo, P., Giardina, G., Perissin, D., Milillo, G., Coletta, A. and Terranova, C. (2019), “Pre-Collapse Space Geodetic Observations of Critical Infrastructure: The Morandi Bridge, Genoa, Italy”, Remote Sens., Vol.11, 1403, 10.3390/rs11121403.
20
Moreira, A., Prats-Iraola, P., Younis, M., Krieger, G., Hajnsek, I. and Papathanassiou, K. P., (2013) “A tutorial on synthetic aperture radar”, in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine, Vol.1, No.1, pp.6-43, 10.1109/MGRS.2013.2248301.
21
Ramirez, R, Lee S.R. and Kwon, T.H. (2020), “Long-Term Remote Monitoring of Ground Deforation Using Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR): Applications and Insights into Geotechnical Engineering Pratices”, Applied Sciences, Vol.10, 7447, doi: http://10.3390/app10217447. 10.3390/app10217447
22
Roccheggiani, M., Piacentini, D., Tirincanti, E., Perissin D. and Menichetti, M. (2019), “Detection and Monitoring of Tunneling Induced Ground Movements Using Sentinel-1 SAR Interferometry”, Remote Sensing, Vol.11, 639, 10.3390/rs11060639
23
Talib, O.C., Shimon, W., Sarah, K. and Tonian, R. (2022), “Detection of sinkhole activity in West-Central Florida using InSAR time series observations”, Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol.269, 112793, 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112793
24
Zhang, Y., Huang, H., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. and Bi, H. (2019). “Spatial and temporal variations in subsidence due to the natural consolidation and compaction of sediment in the yellow river delta, China”, Marine Georesrouces and Geotechnology, Vol.37, No.2, pp.152-163, 10.1080/1064119X.2017.1414903.
25
Zhuo, G., Dai, K., Huang, H., Li, S., Shi, X., Feng, Y., Li, T., Dong, X. and Deng, J. (2020), “Evaluating Potential Ground Subsidence Geo-Hazard of Xiamen Xiang’an New Airport on Reclaimed Land by SAR Interferometry”, Sustainability, Vol,12, 6991, 10.3390/su12176991.
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Geosythetics Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반신소재학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반신소재학회 논문집
  • Volume : 21
  • No :4
  • Pages :55-67
  • Received Date : 2022-11-09
  • Revised Date : 2022-11-30
  • Accepted Date : 2022-12-15
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12814/jkgss.2022.21.4.055
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close