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2025 Vol.24, Issue 4 Preview Page

Research Article

Evaluation of the Applicability of a Digital Twin-Based Stability Assessment Through Model Experiments

모형실험을 통한 디지털트윈 기반 안정성 평가의 적용성 검증

Wooseok Shin1*
,
Chungsik Yoo2
신 우석1*
,
유 충식2
1Member, Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Construction Systems Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Natural Science Campus, Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeongg-do 16419, Republic of Korea
2Member, Professor, Dept. of Construction Systems Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Natural Science Campus, Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeongg-do 16419, Republic of Korea
*Corresponding Author
30 December 2025. pp. 87-99
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Abstract

Digital twin (DT) technology links physical structures with virtual models to reduce uncertainty and support prediction and decision-making, and recent applications have begun to emerge in geotechnical engineering, where material heterogeneity and uncertainties in boundary conditions are significant. This study proposes a DT-based stability assessment procedure to improve the consistency between stability analyses and measured responses of geotechnical structures, using laboratory model tests on a slope and a retaining wall as a preliminary step prior to field implementation. In the proposed framework, an initial finite element (FE) model is generated from iPad LiDAR scans of the model geometry, with point-cloud preprocessing carried out in CloudCompare and AutoCAD; incremental loading analyses are then performed in Abaqus, the elastic modulus E, internal friction angle φ, and cohesion c are automatically calibrated via a Python–Abaqus coupled Bayesian optimization scheme so that the computed horizontal displacements match those measured by digital image correlation (DIC) and laser displacement transducers, and finally shear strength reduction (SSR) analyses are conducted on the calibrated model to evaluate stage-wise factors of safety (FoS). In this way, a cyclic DT workflow that links experiment, analysis, calibration, and stability evaluation is established. The calibrated analyses showed good qualitative agreement with the DIC displacement fields and the measured horizontal displacements, and the FoS values obtained from SSR were comparable to those from limit equilibrium methods (LEM), confirming the validity of the proposed calibration–analysis procedure. These results demonstrate that the LiDAR-based and measurement-based calibration scheme can effectively reproduce the actual behavior of geotechnical structures and suggest its potential extension toward real-time monitoring and hazard-mitigation-oriented DT applications.

Keywords
Digital twin
Slope stability
Retaining wall
Numerical analysis
Bayesian optimization

디지털트윈(DT)은 현실 구조물과 가상 모델을 연동하여 불확실성을 줄이고 예측 및 의사결정을 지원하는 기술로, 재료적 비균질성과 경계 조건의 불확실성이 큰 지반공학 분야에서도 적용 사례가 점차 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지반 구조물의 안정성 해석과 실측 간 정합성 문제를 해결하고자, 실제 구조물 적용에 앞서 모형 사면 및 옹벽 실험을 대상으로 디지털트윈 기반 안정성 평가 절차를 제안하였다. 제안된 절차는 iPad LiDAR로 취득한 구조물 형상을 CloudCompare–AutoCAD 전처리를 통해 초기 유한요소 모델로 구축하고, 단계별 하중을 증가시키며 Abaqus에서 수치해석을 수행한 뒤, DIC 및 레이저 변위계로 계측된 수평변위와의 차이를 최소화하도록 Python–Abaqus 연동 베이지안 최적화를 통해 탄성계수(E), 내부마찰 각(𝜑), 점착력(c)을 자동 보정하고, 최종적으로 보정된 모델에 전단강도 저감법(Shear Strength Reduction, SSR)을 적용하여 단계별 안전율(FoS)을 평가하는 방식으로 구성된다. 이와 같이 실험–해석–보정–평가가 순환되는 디지털트윈 절차를 구현하였다. 그 결과, 보정 후 해석 결과는 DIC 변위장 및 실측 수평변위와 정성적으로 양호한 일치를 보였으며, SSR을 통한 안전율이 한계평형법(LEM) 결과와 유사하게 도출되어 보정–해석 절차의 타당성을 입증하였다. 본 연구는 LiDAR 기반 형상 데이터와 실험 계측을 연계한 보정 절차가 지반 구조물의 실제 거동을 효과적으로 재현할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 향후 실시간 모니터링 및 재해 저감형 디지털트윈 기술로의 확장 가능성을 제시한다.

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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Geosythetics Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반신소재학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반신소재학회 논문집
  • Volume : 24
  • No :4
  • Pages :87-99
  • Received Date : 2025-10-14
  • Revised Date : 2025-12-06
  • Accepted Date : 2025-12-23
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12814/jkgss.2025.24.4.087
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